Maine Seafood Guide – Smelt
Smelt
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Species Description
Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax
Also known as Freshwater Smelt, American Smelt
Wild.
The rainbow smelt is a small fish that lives in estuaries and offshore waters, and spawns in shallow freshwater streams each spring. Their body is long and slender with a large, elongated, pointed mouth with strong teeth on their jaws and tongue. Rainbow smelt are silver with a green back, and iridescent purple, pink, and blue reflections on their side.
Season
Year-round.
Status
State surveys have shown that smelt populations are declining in many portions of Maine. Using scientific information from collaborative efforts, the state agencies of Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts developed a regional conservation and restoration plan for rainbow smelt. Each state is determining the most important threats from water quality, fishing pressure, or habitat alteration facing smelt populations in their area.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration listed the rainbow smelt as a federal Species of Concern in 2004.
Regulatory Authority
Maine Department of Marine Resources (DMR).
Harvest Method
Hand-held dip nets, bag nets, gillnets and hook and line. See the vessel and gear guide for more information.
Recreational Harvest
Rules for sea-run smelt differ depending on where you are fishing.
Visit the Maine DMR for the most up-to-date information on smelt fishing regulations.
Health Benefits & Risks
Rainbow smelt are a low-fat, low-calorie, low-mercury source of vitamin B12, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids. Rainbow smelt should not be eaten raw due to the possible presence of parasites.
Buying & Preparing
Typically available fresh in late winter and early spring, they are marketed for their sweet, delicate flavor.
Fresh smelt should have shiny skin, clear eyes, and a fresh, ocean-like smell. Smelt are often sold whole and cleaned, but they’re easy to gut at home if needed.
A classic Maine preparation is to dredge them in seasoned cornmeal or flour and pan-fry until crispy. They’re perfect as a snack or appetizer, especially with a squeeze of lemon and a dipping sauce on the side.